Surgical meshes have develop into the usual process for a spread of surgical purposes with 20 million meshes being implanted every year. The reputation of mesh utilization amongst surgeons is backed by the a number of research that assist its performance as a software for bettering surgical outcomes.
However, their use has additionally been related to infectious surgical issues and many surgeons have turned to biologic meshes. While there have been a number of research investigating artificial meshes, there may be restricted knowledge evaluating artificial and biologic meshes in vitro in an an infection mannequin. This examine evaluates the in vitro susceptibility of each artificial and biologic meshes to single-species methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms.
This analysis compares biofilm biomass, common thickness, and protection between the three meshes via florescent in situ hybridization (FISH), confocal scanning microscopy (CSLM), and picture evaluation. We additionally report the various ranges of planktonic and connected micro organism via sonication and cfu counts. While the information illustrates elevated biofilm formation on biologic mesh in vitro, the examine should additional be investigated in vivo to affirm the examine observations.
Resistance of Synthetic and Biologic Surgical Meshes to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm: An In Vitro Investigation.
Synovial Tissue Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Changes With Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Therapies to Inform Stratified Therapy.
The therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reworked with the introduction of biologic illness modifying anti-rheumatic medicine (bDMARD) and extra just lately, focused artificial DMARD (tsDMARD) therapies within the kind of janus-kinase inhibitors. Nevertheless, response to these brokers varies such {that a} trial and error method is adopted; main to poor affected person high quality of life, and long-term outcomes. There is thus an pressing want to determine efficient biomarkers to information therapy choice. A wealth of analysis has been invested on this area however with minimal progress.
Recombinant Human ANXA5/ Annexin 5/ Annexin A5 Protein, His, Yeast-50ug
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human ANXA6/Annexin A6/Annexin VI (aa1-50). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Annexin A5. Recognizes Annexin A5 from Cynops pyrrhogaster. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: Annexin 5 belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII.
Description: Annexin 5 belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII.
Description: Annexin 5 is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. [UniProt]
Description: Annexin 5 is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade. [UniProt]
Description: Annexin I belongs to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins which have a molecular weight of approximately 35,000 to 40,000 and are preferentially located on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Annexin I protein has an apparent relative molecular mass of 40 kDa, with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Since phospholipase A2 is required for the biosynthesis of the potent mediators of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, annexin I may have potential anti-inflammatory activity.
Description: Annexin I belongs to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins which have a molecular weight of approximately 35,000 to 40,000 and are preferentially located on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Annexin I protein has an apparent relative molecular mass of 40 kDa, with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Since phospholipase A2 is required for the biosynthesis of the potent mediators of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, annexin I may have potential anti-inflammatory activity.
Description: Annexin I, also known as lipocortin I(Lipo1), belongs to the family of annexins. These proteins are though to control the biosynthesis of the potent mediators of inflammation, prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In two lipocortins(I and II) a short amino-terminal sequence distinct from the core structure has potential regulatory functions which are dependent on its phosphorylation state. The gene in the mouse encodes a protein of 346 amino acid residues. Mouse Lipo1 gene spans about 17 kb and is divided into 13 exons. Annexin I gene, mapped to 9q11-q22, is located on mouse chromosome 19. Annexin I acts through the formyl peptide receptor on human neutrophils. Peptides derived from the unique N-terminal domain of annexin I serve as FPR ligands and trigger different signaling pathways in a dose-dependent manner.
Description: Annexin V is also know as endonnexin II (ENX2),or placental protein 4 (PP4). It is a member of the family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, known as annexins. It bind to the phospholipids that are preferentially located on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Annexin V has a relative molecular weight of about 35,000. The gene lies on mouse chromosome 3 in close linkage with the fibroblast growth factor 2(basic) gene and is syntenic with other genes known to have orthologous counterparts on human chromosome 4q. The cDNA encoded a protein of 320 amino acid residues. A single mRNA, approximately 1.6 kb long, was found to be expressed in human cell lines and placenta. It is an anticoagulant protein that acts as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade.
Description: Annexin A2 also known as annexin II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA2 gene. The ANXA2 gene has three pseudogenes located on chromosomes 4, 9 and 10, respectively. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This protein is a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. This protein functions as an autocrine factor which heightens osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Richard et al.(1994) presented an integration of the physical, expression, and genetic maps of human chromosome 15. They placed the ANXA2 gene in their region IV, i.e., 15q21-q22, thus confirming the previous localization.
Description: Annexin VI (ANXA6) is a member of a family of proteins that bind membrane or cytoskeleton in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. These proteins are characterized by homologous amino acid sequences that are present in multiple copies in each protein. ANXA6 gene is assigned to 5q32-q34 by use of a cDNA clone to probe genomic DNA from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids and for in situ hybridization.The ANX6 gene is approximately 60 kb long and contains 26 exons. The genomic sequence at the 3-prime end does not contain a canonical polyadenylylation signal.Ca(2+)-dependent binding between CRHSP28 and ANXA6 is required for acinar cell membrane trafficking events and digestive enzyme secretion
Description: Annexin A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Annexin A3 gene. The gene contains 13 exons and spans 58 kb of genomic DNA and is mapped to 4q21. It is abnormally expressed in fetuses of both IVF and ICSI, which may contribute to the increase risk of birth defects in these ART. This gene encodes a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. This protein functions in the inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cleavage of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate to form inositol 1-phosphate. This protein may also play a role in anti-coagulation.
Description: Annexin V or A5 has been proposed to play a role in the inhibition of blood coagulation by competing for phosphatidylserine binding sites with prothrombin and also to inhibit the activity of phospholipase A1. This protein is an anticoagulant protein, it can form a shield around negatively-charged phospholipid molecules, the formation of an Annexin V shield blocks the entry of phospholipids into coagulation (clotting) reactions. Annexin AV can also act as an indirect inhibitor of the thromboplastin-specific complex, which is involved in the blood coagulation cascade.
Description: ANXA1, also known as Lipocortin I or Annexin A1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA1 gene. It is mapped to 9q21.13. It belongs to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding proteins which have a molecular weight of approximately 35,000 to 40,000 and are preferentially located on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. ANXA1 protein has an apparent relative molecular mass of 40 kDa, with phospholipase A2 inhibitory activity. Lower peptide concentrations possibly found in inflammatory situations elicit Ca(2+) transients without fully activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. This causes a specific inhibition of the transendothelial migration of neutrophils and a desensitization of neutrophils toward a chemoattractant challenge. These findings identified ANXA1 peptides as novel, endogenous FPR ligands and established a mechanistic basis of ANXA1-mediated antiinflammatory effects.
Description: Annexin A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Annexin A3 gene. The Annexin A3 gene contains 13 exons and spans 58 kb of genomic DNA. The Annexin A3 gene is mapped to 4q21. It is abnormally expressed in fetuses of both IVF and ICSI, which may contribute to the increase risk of birth defects in these ART. This gene encodes a member of the annexin family. Members of this calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein family play a role in the regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. This protein functions in the inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cleavage of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate to form inositol 1-phosphate. This protein may also play a role in anti-coagulation.
Description: ANXA4 (Annexin A4), also known as ANX4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA4 gene. It belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins. By PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrids and in situ hybridization with a cDNA probe, the human ANXA4 gene is mapped to chromosome 2p13. Isolated from human placenta, ANXA4 encodes a protein that has possible interactions with ATP, and has in vitro anticoagulant activity and also inhibits phospholipase A2 activity. And ANXA4 is almost exclusively expressed in epithelial cells.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The ANXA1 gene belongs to the annexin family, and contains 4 annexin repeats. A pair of annexin repeats may form one binding site for calcium and a phospholipid. ANXA1 promotes membrane fusion and is involved in exocytosis. The gene for ANXA1 is upregulated in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and its protein expression is specific for HCL. Detection of ANXA1 provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific assay for diagnosing HCL. Annexin A1 has also been found to be protective against DNA damage induced by heat in breast cancer cells, suggesting it is involved in tumor suppressive and protective activities, and also is associated with treatment resistance.
Description: The protein encoded by the ANXA5 gene belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. [RefSeq]
Description: Annexin A6 (ANXA6) is a member of a family of proteins that bind membrane or cytoskeleton in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. These proteins are characterized by homologous amino acid sequences that are present in multiple copies in each protein. ANXA6 gene is assigned to 5q32-q34 by use of a cDNA clone to probe genomic DNA from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids and for in situ hybridization. The ANX6 gene is approximately 60 kb long and contains 26 exons. The genomic sequence at the 3-prime end does not contain a canonical polyadenylylation signal. Ca(2+)-dependent binding between CRHSP28 and ANXA6 is required for acinar cell membrane trafficking events and digestive enzyme secretion.
×
Increasingly acknowledged is the significance of evaluating synovial tissue, the first website of RA, as opposed to peripheral blood-based investigation. In this mini-review, we summarize the literature supporting synovial tissue heterogeneity, the conceptual foundation for stratified remedy. This consists of recognition of distinct synovial pathobiological subtypes and related molecular pathways.
We additionally evaluate synovial tissue research which were carried out to consider the impact of particular person bDMARD and tsDMARD on the mobile and molecular traits, with a view to figuring out tissue predictors of response. Initial observations are being introduced into the medical trial panorama with stratified biopsy trials to validate towards implementation. Furthermore, improvement of tissue based mostly omics know-how holds nonetheless extra promise in advancing our understanding of illness processes and guiding future drug choice.
