- Identification and evaluation of long-term markers is crucial in prolonging the detection window for anabolic steroid abuse in sport. Recently, sulfoconjugated epiandrosterone was identified as a potential long-term marker for the abuse of certain endogenous anabolic agents, including testosterone, which continues to be widely used as a performance enhancing agent in sport. To evaluate the applicability of epiandrosterone sulfate as a marker for testosterone use, administration studies were conducted with multiple modes of testosterone administration – transdermal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous.
- A modified sample preparation method was used to collect both glucuronidated and sulfoconjugated analytes of interest. Carbon isotope ratio measurements from the administration studies are presented here. Epiandrosterone was less effective than the conventionally used target compounds for detection of the low dose application (transdermal gel). With intramuscular administration, epiandrosterone was more diagnostic than with transdermal administration, but it did not prolong the detection window more than the conventional target compounds.
- With subcutaneous administration, the doses administered to the subjects were varied and the effect in the epiandrosterone values was dependent on the magnitude of the dose administered. Epiandrosterone does not appear to be a useful marker in the detection of low dose testosterone administration. It is responsive to higher dose administration, but it does not provide extension of the detection window relative to conventional target compounds.
Development and validation of a fast gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry method for the detection of epiandrosterone sulfate in urine.
In doping control, to confirm the exogenous origin of exogenously administered anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), a gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS) analysis is performed. Recently published work suggests epiandrosterone sulfate (EpiAS) as a promising IRMS target compound for the detection of AAS, capable of prolonging the detection window. However, EpiAS is only excreted in urine in its sulfoconjugated form while all other IRMS target compounds are excreted glucuronidated, meaning that EpiAS cannot be incorporated in the existing IRMS methods. A separate extensive sample preparation needs to be performed on this compound with a different hydrolysis and extraction procedure and a different liquid chromatography (LC) clean-up.
The current work presents a new, fast and easy to implement EpiAS IRMS method. The approach was based on the direct GC analysis of non-hydrolysed EpiAS, making the solid phase extraction, hydrolysis and acetylation step redundant. Sample preparation consisted of a simple liquid liquid extraction, followed by LC fraction collection. A population study was performed to check the compliance with the criteria drafted by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). To verify the applicability of the developed approach, the method was applied to the samples of four administration studies (i.e., dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone gel (T gel), androstenedione (ADION) and intramuscular testosterone undecanoate. In contrast to previously published data, the strength of EpiAS as target compound and the prolongation of the detection window in comparison with the conventional IRMS target compounds was less pronounced.
The quantitation of 7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone in the plasma and seminal plasma of men with different degrees of fertility.
7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone (7beta-OH-EpiA) is an endogenous androgen metabolite that has been shown to exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-estrogenic effects. However, to the best of our knowledge no information is available about this androgen steroid in relation to sperm quality. We analyzed 7beta-OH-EpiA in plasma and seminal plasma using a newly developed isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry method. Validation met the requirements of FDA guidelines. Levels of 7beta-OH-EpiA were measured in 191 men with different degrees of infertility. One-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison and correlation analysis adjusted for age, BMI and abstinence time were performed to evaluate the relationships between this steroid and sperm quality.
Concentrations of 7beta-OH-EpiA in seminal plasma were significantly higher in severely infertile men in comparison with healthy men and slightly infertile men. The same trend was found when blood plasma was evaluated. Furthermore, plasma 7beta-OH-EpiA negatively correlated with sperm concentration (-0.215; p<0.01) and total count (-0.15; p<0.05). Seminal 7beta-OH-EpiA was negatively associated with motility (-0.26; p<0.01), progressively motile spermatozoa (-0.233; p<0.01) and nonprogressively motile spermatozoa (-0.188; p<0.05). 7beta-OH-EpiA is associated with lower sperm quality and deserves more research in that respect.
Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel hybrids of phenylsulfonylfuroxan and epiandrosterone/dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives.
Thirteen novel furoxan-based nitric oxide (NO) releasing hybrids (14a-e, 15a-e, 17b-d) of 16,17-pyrazo-annulated steroidal derivatives were synthesized and evaluated against the MDA-MB-231, HCC1806, SKOV-3, DU145, and HUVEC cell lines for their in vitro anti-proliferative activity. Most of the compounds displayed potent anti-proliferative effects. Among them, 17c exhibited the best activity with IC50 values of 20-1.4nM against four cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SKOV-3, DU145, and HUVEC), and 1.03μM against a tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cell line (HCC1806). Furthermore, five compounds (14a, 15a, 17b-d) were selected to screen for VEGF inhibitory activity. Compounds 15a, 17b,c showed obviously better activity than 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) on reducing levels of VEGF secreted by MDA-MB-231 cell line.
In a Capillary-like Tube Formation Assay, compounds 17b,c exhibited a significant suppression of the tubule formation in the concentration of 1.75nM and 58nM, respectively. The preliminary SAR showed that steroidal scaffolds with a linker in 3-position were favorable moieties to evidently increase the bioactivities of these hybrids. Overall, these results implied that 17c merited to be further investigated as a promising anti-cancer candidate.
Epiandrosterone |
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| E578000 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 1g | 164 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| B1505-1000 | ApexBio | 1 g | 32 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| B1505-5.1 | ApexBio | 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO) | 135.6 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| B1505-S | ApexBio | Evaluation Sample | 97.2 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| GP6146 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1g | 29.04 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| HY-I0352 | MedChemExpress | 500mg | 129.6 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| GP6146-1 | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 | 31.7 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| GP6146-1G | Glentham Life Sciences | 1 g | 74.4 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS342094-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | 790 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS342094-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | 3385 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS340129-10mg | MyBiosource | 10mg | 3105 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS340129-1mg | MyBiosource | 1mg | 800 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS340129-5x10mg | MyBiosource | 5x10mg | 13805 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS3604607-100mg | MyBiosource | 100mg | 200 EUR |
Epiandrosterone |
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| MBS3604607-5x100mg | MyBiosource | 5x100mg | 580 EUR |
Epiandrosterone (HRP) |
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| abx284059-100g | Abbexa | 100 µg | Ask for price |
Epiandrosterone (HRP) |
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| abx284059-20g | Abbexa | 20 µg | 862.5 EUR |
Epiandrosterone (HRP) |
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| abx284059-50g | Abbexa | 50 µg | Ask for price |
Epiandrosterone-d5 |
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| E578002 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 10mg | 201 EUR |
Epiandrosterone-HRP |
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| 80-1155 | Fitzgerald | 500 ul | 844 EUR |
Epiandrosterone-HRP |
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| MBS5304382-05mL | MyBiosource | 0.5mL | 1485 EUR |
Epiandrosterone-HRP |
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| MBS5304382-5x05mL | MyBiosource | 5x0.5mL | 6535 EUR |
Dehydro Epiandrosterone |
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| D229585 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 100mg | 64 EUR |
Epiandrosterone acetate |
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| E578018 | Toronto Research Chemicals | 750mg | 800 EUR |
Epiandrosterone Sulfate |
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| T2195L-10mg | TargetMol Chemicals | 10mg | Ask for price |
Epiandrosterone Sulfate |
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| T2195L-1g | TargetMol Chemicals | 1g | Ask for price |
The DHEA metabolite 7β-hydroxy-epiandrosterone exerts anti-estrogenic effects on breast cancer cell lines.
- 7β-Hydroxy-epiandrosterone (7β-OH-EpiA), an endogenous androgenic derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone, has previously been shown to exert anti-inflammatory action in vitro and in vivo via a shift from prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2 production. This modulation in prostaglandin production was obtained with low concentrations of 7β-OH-EpiA (1-100nM) and suggested that it might act through a specific receptor. Inflammation and prostaglandin synthesis is important in the development and survival of estrogen-dependent mammary cancers. Estrogen induced PGE2 production and cell proliferation via its binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) in these tumors.
- Our objective was to test the effects of 7β-OH-EpiA on the proliferation (by counting with trypan blue exclusion), cell cycle and cell apoptosis (by flow cytometry) of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ERα+, ERβ+, G-protein coupled receptor 30: GPR30+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERα-, ERβ+, GPR30+) and to identify a potential target of this steroid in these cell lineages (by transactivations) and in the nuclear ER-negative SKBr3 cells (GPR30+) (by proliferation assays). 7β-OH-EpiA exerted anti-estrogenic effects in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells associated with cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest.
- Moreover, transactivation and proliferation with ER agonists assays indicated that 7β-OH-EpiA interacted with ERβ. Data from proliferation assays on the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBr3 cell lines suggested that 7β-OH-EpiA may also act through the membrane GPR30 receptor. These results support that this androgenic steroid acts as an anti-estrogenic compound. Moreover, this is the first evidence that low doses of androgenic steroid exert antiproliferative effects in these mammary cancer cells. Further investigations are needed to improve understanding of the observed actions of endogenous 7β-OH-EpiA.